https://smile.amazon.com/How-Not-Be-Wrong-Mathematical/dp/01...
https://smile.amazon.com/How-Bake-Pi-Exploration-Mathematics...
Probability is useful in any setting that requires a decision, and can often be done in your head or back-of-the-envelope style. Requires that you be aware of bayes' rule (and base rate fallacy) to not lead you astray.
Logarithmic scales are often useful for things that behave that way - like stock and currency prices. It's very rare to see a long term logarithmic graph of such values, although much of the information is only apparent on this scale.
Lots of geometry in woodworking, figuring out the sequence of cuts, and angle of cuts to get the desired result.