Probability is useful in any setting that requires a decision, and can often be done in your head or back-of-the-envelope style. Requires that you be aware of bayes' rule (and base rate fallacy) to not lead you astray.
Logarithmic scales are often useful for things that behave that way - like stock and currency prices. It's very rare to see a long term logarithmic graph of such values, although much of the information is only apparent on this scale.
https://smile.amazon.com/How-Not-Be-Wrong-Mathematical/dp/01...
https://smile.amazon.com/How-Bake-Pi-Exploration-Mathematics...
Lots of geometry in woodworking, figuring out the sequence of cuts, and angle of cuts to get the desired result.