There are also apps that alert you to fake cell towers, but they depend upon knowing what the legit ones are so the ones I have played with require you to log the local towers you use as a white list. Otherwise how do you or the app know the difference between a fake and a real tower.

But the aspect that cell towers do not have trusted certificates or any form of proving they are from X,Y or Z carrier is a bit of a problem.

One solution is to use VOIP instead of cellulare voice comm's and a VPN. That way the ability of a fake tower will be reduced in what it can glean from you.