The example they give for notification = email | sms | voice looks a lot like what I was trying to sketch with the paymentMethod example.
http://docs.scala-lang.org/tutorials/tour/case-classes.html
I didn't intend for my proposal to be more limited than than the Scala case classes at least :). I want exactly that. An FP closed type hierarchy with enforced pattern matching.
They also have more configurability - while a case class provides default implementations for things like equality, you can override those (this could be a pro or a con depending on whether you prefer flexibiltiy or performance, I guess - although arguably the flexibility should only have cost if you use it, assuming it's implemented well).
It's definitely not a huge difference, and arguably Scala can suffer from it's philosophy of providing tools that can do something rather than tools for something that means the language often comes across as huge and as having too much stuff in it. I like it, but it's not the C# way right now for sure.