There is some public-health treatment of information spreading, though not a whole lot of it. I've been the source of some, though the ideas pre-date me considerably. You could go back to religious contexts, the concepts of apostasy and blasphemy, or even (per I.F. Stone) the Trial of Socrates, for prior art.

For information specifically, it's interesting in that there are at least three possible goals:

1. Restricting or combatting the spread of toxic information.

2. Encouraging the spread of useful or helpful information. There's a great deal of this under the rhubric of "diffusion of information".

3. Limiting, for socially beneficial or malevolent purposes, the spread of generally private information.

The first two instances have clear epidemiological and evolutionary cognates: limiting the spread of disease or disease agents (bacteria, viruses, prions, contaminants), or the process of evolutionary advance or propogation of fitness adaptations.

The question of concealment ... thinking through here, I'm coming up with concepts such as camoflage, mimickry, colour or shape-shifting (e.g., cuttlefish, octopus). There are bacteria and viruses which evolve or mutate rapidly making various antibodies or antibiotics less effective quickly (another element taken up by fake-news and propaganda sites -- one article I was reading yesterday noted how new most such outlets were, earlier pieces I've seen noted how new sites were emerging late in 2016 and growing to million+ daily user). I need to think more about that.

As for the antivax situation, I've pointed out that information campaigns to refute anti-vax ideas regarding the efficacy (and safety) of vaccines against viruses which attack DNA/RNA, are an information attack on an information attack on an information attack on an information attack on information.

https://ello.co/dredmorbius/post/manw8sighyj2in4661tyla