So with that in mind, how the heck can these countries even consider rolling out a new "basic income" program? Doesn't this seem a bit incongruous?
Unconditional income programs (whether they meet basic needs or not) are conceived of as replacing some or all existing means-tested benefit programs, and reducing or eliminating the adverse employment effects of minimum wage laws (without eliminating the income-floor effects of those same laws).
They can be budget neutral by either being cost neutral (redirecting funds from the displaced programs) or by being tied to specific new funding sources. (Given that one of the long-term goals is to address long-term concentration of economic gains in capital rather than labor, capital-specific income or ad valorem taxation is the natural place to look for dedicated new revenue streams.)
That's literally exactly what the GP post explains. If the funds distributed as UBI are the funds redirected from replaced programs, the costs are, by definition, the same.
> That would only happen if by luck the same number of people applied to basic income as previously applied for means-tested benefits.
No, it wouldn't. You are assuming equal per beneficiary per time period total benefit + administrative costs.
> Also, even if you have some new funding source, the system would have potentially huge liabilities if lots of people decide to sign up for it.
No, its not dependent on people who "decide to sign up for" since, by definition, an unconditional income is given unconditionally to every member of the target population; that's part of the basic calculation of the benefit that can be given at any funding level.
In addition to the other points being made (about new funding sources), you're assuming the payout for basic income would exactly match previous means-tested benefits. Realistically spending, any basic income program will likely provide less than the upper end of many existing entitlement programs.
I'm not sure if this is true or not. You can find serious people with reasonable seeming numbers on both sides of that argument.
This isn't really the case. Basic income is not about cost savings.
The programs you mention are wealth transfers, so the overhead is in fact trivial. They take money from person A, and give it to person B. There are checks in place to make sure person B qualifies, which accounts for the overhead. For retirement transfer (social security), you check each persons age--not too hard in America.
All those programs would have to be colossally, amazingly inefficient for basic income to be more efficient at redistributing wealth. Out of it's over $1 trillion budget, estimates of administrative overhead are around 1%. Even for more complex programs like foodstamps, overhead is likely low and under 10% [1].
Basic income is about wealth re-distribution, not efficiency. It applies a huge tax increase to the top 10-20% of society, and gives that money to the bottom 80-90%. It's that simple.
So the question everyone should ask is: should we have a policy of taking money from the top 10%, and giving it to the bottom 90%?
[1] http://www.huffingtonpost.com/susan-blumenthal/food-stamp-my... (not the most reliable source, but best I could find quickly)
And that's just for old age benefits. For Social Security disability, you have to make sure someone is disabled. For unemployment, you have to make sure they worked in the first place, that they lost their job in a manner that garners them benefits, and their benefit size depends on what their pay was.
Making all this work takes bureaucrats, judges to adjudicate claims, and people to investigate fraud. I have no idea whether UBI would be dramatically more efficient but even something like Social Security is far more complex than just checking someone's age.
Needs based systems are easily defeated and then some of give you money based on your "need". This means you get more than you should (and presumably more than BI would provide). I actually think the best BI approach is like an EITC on steroids. You get all your money back if you are at the super low end and you can also make that a multiplier to encourage filling of lower wage jobs.
What I mean by that is that if someone makes $15K a year, they may get 20K + $10K (2/3 earnings) back as a refund (could be quarterly, etc.) Someone who makes $0K a year would just get the $10K. Not well thought out yet but illustrating approach.
Or maybe there's a problem ?
There will always be people out there who will choose to blow their entire paycheck on frivolous purchases outside of their means and not have any money left over at the end of the month for food. As stupid and irresponsible they are for making that choice, a humane, post-scarcity society shouldn't just let those people just starve to death on the streets as a consequence.
As a much more charitable example, consider the case of someone getting into an accident and ending up having to spend all or most of their basic income on medical expenses. How could someone like this survive if the basic income were to completely replace all existing social programs?
So basic income will have to coexist with these existing programs. Perhaps the existing programs can be reduced in scale due to less people needing to rely on them thanks to the introduction of a basic income, but probably not nearly enough to completely offset the immense costs of the basic income program itself.
This means the overall expenditure for social programs will likely have to increase due to the introduction of a universal basic income, and I personally am perfectly fine with increasing tax rates on the rich to make that happen, but it's not going to be easy.
While I'm a fan of the idea of adopting basic income eventually, I don't see how we can fund it now without serious negative consequences.
Unfortunately the studies I've read about here on HN (including this one I'm guessing) seem to only address the positive side without actually comparing costs vs benefits.
People who lobby for basic income certainly shouldn't pussyfoot around the notion that it's fundamentally a redistributive tax.
My goal is to eliminate poverty for US citizens who don't insist on living in extremely high cost areas. Secondary goals are to enable the poor to refuse to do bullshit jobs, and undermine the deeply-held notion that wage work is ennobling.
The only way to achieve such redistribution is now, as it has always been, to tax rich people like me.
(The US has very few real pension programs any more, since the 401(k) and IRA systems were put into effect and displaced them.)
Anyone who works for the government (including teaching & military) with retirement benefits is not going to subsist on just UBI once they stop working.
This doesn't actually fit very well with the conceptual basis of UBI as a replacement for means-tested benefit programs, as defined-benefit pensions are not means-tested benefits.
Though its true that a number (though not all) UBI proponents have either explicitly called for replacing existing Social Security-style retirement programs, or implicitly suggested that by including the existing cost of those programs as funds available for UBI.
[0] E.g., if you decide that the UBI goes to all adult citizens and legal permanent residents, then that's the population that gets the credit.
I'd argue that while they have the power to spend the money on a wide variety of social programs(per the General Welfare clause), they don't have the power to redistribute income since it doesn't have a designated purpose. Spending is an exchange of money for services or goods, while UBI would just be an exchange of money.
Even if redistribution was considered a type of spending, the case mentions specific facts that harmed the elderly(employee age limits being the main one). If these mattered to the original case, then giving UBI to young people who choose not to work should be a weaker case, which makes it reasonable for SCOTUS to disagree at least on those examples.
Social Security is a combination of a forced retirement savings plan and a delayed redistribution of income. I don't know if anyone has argued that the redistribution part alone is unconstitutional, but the forced savings part comes from the payout increasing as you put more money in. A UBI would be entirely a redistribution.
A similar argument might apply to cases where the EITC causes a net benefit to be given to someone, but: A. The government could argue that the EITC is intended to benefit the poor, which seems similar to arguing that Social Security benefits the elderly and B. I don't know if anyone has standing to bring a suit, since those cases are probably rare and the damages would be small.
Essentially the way that it works is that anyone who signs up will receive 100 coins each day and they may be freely traded among users. Ideally over time people will start assigning real world value to the coins and then the daily income you receive from Swift Demand will function exactly how Basic Income is supposed to work. If anyone has any questions or suggestions relating to the service I would love to discuss them.
Ensuring a single person has a single account would be a sort of holy grail here for many things. I'd love to hear ideas of a way to make it possible without sharing private information.
My first attempt would probably be a 600 DPI flatbed scan of both hands, palms down, with a nonce written on them with a marker. But since I am a stinker, the nonce would be a procedurally generated phrase similar to "22Feb2017 @randomhandle 03D6A9C1 #RateMyHands", and my trust would wither in the ensuing user data privacy scandal.
I'm sure someone more mature and responsible than I am could do better with that idea.
If you can determine that a new account has the same hands as an existing account, you can stop depositing into the old one, and continue with the new one. You can start with human eyeball inspection, and work your way up to automated hashes of extracted features.
I've just given you 5000 morgante points for your comment. I'll give you 5 more tomorrow! Nobody accepts morgante points for anything so it's inherently meaningless.
A basic income program is only interesting if it's actually giving out something of value. Your first step should be to assign value to a new currency, not to start handing it out.
I don't see a plausible path to value for your currency. Fiat currencies derive their value from government. Cryptocurrencies derive it from math. Yours is derived from your "word" that you won't just give yourself half the currency if you feel like it.
Not to mention that you don't seem to have any mechanism in place to ensure 1 person:1 account.
It is meanigless but it wouldnt be hard to add some value to these "coins". For example, I can offer that one hour of my time as automation consultant is from today worth 100swifts. All you need is enough people to trust the system and it becomes real currency. after all money is just a way to allow people to trade their time or products without having to barter.
http://ameblo.jp/toshi-atm-yamato/entry-12249882284.html
#Toshiatyamato
I just had the thought that what if there was a currency that flipped it around. Doing good things for others is the only way to earn the currency. It obviously requires controls but then you could exchange it for food at a restaurant that accepts "good". I'm still thinking through a lot of implementation details but it feels like there is something here.
This could actually be quite dangerous for you if your project gains any sort of traction. Some unsavory individuals might be quite tempted to harm you to gain access to your digital "mint". If you made any unpopular decisions regarding the rate of inflation, market access, experienced a security issue, etc. you would also be subject to a lot of vitriol and potential violence. Not to mention that the government of any country where this is introduced would probably be itching to shut you down (whether they could would be an entirely different story).
Personally I think the answer to inequality, which is the main issue that BI attempts to solve, lies in tax reform. Especially on the rate at which we tax capital, and the loopholes that allow corporations and wealthy individuals to harbor capital in some low-tax jurisdiction; capital that they could not have earned and accumulated without access to the infrastructure and public services in the nation where they live and conduct business.
I'm glad BI is raising awareness of the problem of inequality, but I think it focuses too much on the wrong side - the distribution of benefits, rather than the taxation of profits. Piketty studied wealth/capital for the better part of 20 years and came to the conclusion that we need a global income tax [1].
For further inspiration on your project RE: fake identities, check out how Auroracoin was "airdropped" to Icelandic citizens, who had to verify their identity with a government-issued ID number to be eligible to collect their coins.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auroracoin
[1] https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2014-05-11/picketty-...
How is this going to happen?
From the rest of your comments, I'm curious how much research you've actually done into economics and currency. A currency which is being constantly and unpredictably printed is the opposite of stable.
Bitcoins value fluctuates so fast that no one really knows how much something real costs in bitcoin on any given day.
As a result, even though Bitcoins are surprisingly valuable, as a currency it has very low velocity. Bitcoin is closer to gold, real estate or shares than it is to dollars. It makes an ok place[1] to park your value in the hopes that it'll beat inflation, but much like gold and houses it's extremely difficult to directly buy something with it.
You need to find a way to make your project a high velocity currency. I don't know how to do that though. Good luck :)
[1] Your mileage may vary. I personally wouldn't invest in bitcoin because it's too volatile for me to be bothered tracking it, but some have done so with success.
An exchange to allow people to trade their coins for normal currency An API to allow businesses to easily hook Swift Demand into their platform Added verification requirements (This one depends on the rate of growth)
I actually only released the website less than a week ago so it's still incredibly new, but people have already done some cool stuff with it. This guy set up a website to write haikus in exchange for coins http://swiftpoetry.club/
I'm planning on setting up a service to allow people to more easily exchange coins into their local countries currency and develop an API so websites can more easily accept Swift Demand as a payment option, but these things are still in the pipeline.
The idea would be to have an auditorium, where you would come in and sit and do nothing, and be paid the minimum wage when you leave based only on the amount of time you spent in the room.
Individuals would be free to accept wages lower than the minimum wage for outside jobs, but employers would have to compete with that minimum wage for employees, so any lower wages offered would have to compete in other aspects -- pensions, tips, benefits, opportunities for advancement, etc.
Because this would require physical presence, it would naturally be self-limiting in some aspects of abuse; you can "sit" as many or as few hours as you wish, but you cannot use that time for other productive work, so there's a natural fall-off of benefits as you choose to work instead (rather than an artificial administrative "cliff").
There are other aspects which seem very vulnerable to abuse -- why not just sleep there, what about doing remote work on a laptop, what about setting up shop and selling hot dogs in the room, etc. And there are some aspects which seem logistically problematic -- how do people commute to the room, how many rooms do you need, what about people who have disabilities that prevent them from travelling, etc.
But generally all of these seem addressable, and some of them might just be self-regulating by social norms, so that there is a small but acceptable amount of leakage due to abuse.
It seems administrative simpler in some regards than UBI, in that the uniqueness of a recipient is more easily enforceable, and it doesn't just change the y-intercept of the income curve, but rather semi-truncates it, so might be less vulnerable to attempting to extract the income through rent increases.
It also more easily adjusts to location-based pricing sensitivity -- it's totally reasonable for a place like SF to have a higher "minimum wage" than a less expensive city (just as minimum wages can float from state to state), and the requirement for physical presence makes it harder to game this.
If, say, 10% of people opt to participate in "wasted-work", then each will receive 10x the benefit they would get from UBI, meaning that would be able to afford to save up money, or work part-time and still have sufficient money to support themselves while they pursue the "creation of value in ways that are currently economically infeasible".
UBI sounds great, but on a dollar-for-dollar basis it just seems worse than this because the level of compensation cannot be as high.
The notion of creating a market pressure on minimum wage employers is the only redeeming aspect, but gets there in the most destructive possible fashion I can imagine.
Rating: 1/10, would not recommend.
To be clear, though, these are all attributes of the current system. The potential isn't destroyed, it just requires a rational examination of the tradeoffs. And this is assuming that the minimum wage offered here would be far inferior to what someone would get through UBI -- a UBI that amounts to a baseline income of $10,000 a year, for example, is unlikely to inspire hoards of people to become artists or to take classes; they'll likely have to take minimum wage jobs to make up for the price increases that will be associated with the UBI.
Similarly, if the wasted-wage salary level is set to something higher; like if working a 20 hour week would be sufficient to support a family, then I feel like it would provide the benefits that you associate with UBI.
In my mind this is more a question of how much benefit could be provided given that both programs would (theoretically) receive the same funding. Given that most people would not be participating in the "wasted-wage" program, coupled with the reduction in overhead for preventing personal-identity-based fraud, I think bang for the buck you could fund a much higher effective part-time salary with "wasted-wage" instead of UBI.
Both of these are, obviously, lost in a presence-based minimum wage, which also abandons adds additional administrative overhead compared to UBI. AFAICT, this idea is strictly worse in terms of benefit and implementation cost.
The claim that this adds administrative overhead and increases implementation cost and decreases benefit in particular I think is incorrect.
Since most people will not participate in the "wasted-work" program (I need a pithy name for this scheme), the benefit per participant can be scaled up considerably from what UBI could provide on an individual basis.
Administratively I think it's probably close to a wash -- UBI has the administrative difficulty of preventing or detecting fraud (duplicate identities in particular), "wasted-work" has the administrative overhead of employing reliable "doormen" for the centers, and the real estate costs (and maintenance, etc.) of the centers, not to mention any administrative costs associated with attempts to fix the problems I highlighted around "commuting costs".
Both programs have the problem of setting the appropriate level of compensation and updating it to reflect changes in cost of living, but as I mentioned, "wasted-work" can be more sensitive to regional variations in the cost of living than UBI can (without a hugely increased administrative overhead).
Addressing all the addressable avenues for abuse is also going to be a grim looking situation where you're going to be policing people sitting there to make sure they're not sending e-mails from their phones or having conversations with each other or reading books. Lots of peoples' jobs involve studying or having meetings.
That may not sound particularly humanitarian, but keep in mind that this also benefits the "smelly homeless people" likely in ways that the current systems (what good is a minimum wage when nobody will hire you) or UBI (what's your mailing address, sir, where we can send the check, or where's your photo ID?) will not.
It seems whenever someone wants to say something a little bit controversial or not as mainstream, they use throwaway account. And I think this is not fair. I noticed this in number of discussions. And people like to throw opinions but don't stand behind them.
This is going to send heads spinning as we decide which one we care about more, poverty or the environment.
So much irony in just four words. I love it.
