So in other words it wouldn't have made a difference.
A better type system gives you the option to enforce stricter checks to help you catch mistakes, but the same people with the same procedures would have written this bug in any language.
Not necessarily. If any unsafe constructs are locally visible during code review, and the language is such that unsafe constructs are rarely required, then it's much easier to give unsafe constructs a higher level of scrutiny that you can't afford to do in a language like C where unsafe things are pervasive and the same line can easily be safe in one context and unsafe in another.
