On a related note. On Android "android.permission.INTERNET" is a normal permission and is automatically granted without prompting the user. However, it's explicitly included in an APK's manifest (use-permission) and Google's tools inject this automatically on your behalf.

Does anyone know what happens if you remove the permission from an APK's manifest with apktool etc?

For piece of mind it'd be nice to disable Internet access for certain apps.

EDIT: I know there are solutions when rooted, and also virtual VPN solutions when not rooted. However, in the latter case you have to trust the VPN with all your traffic.