How do I break through the plateau? Are there techniques or applications designed for this specific task?
I don't think any of your colleagues considers it a problem that you type slower than them, and to me, faster typing is more of a party trick than a necessary skill.
Of course I understand that my comment here may not ease your mind in the matter if you happen to want to actually type faster (as opposed to wanting not to be burden for colleagues). Unfortunately, I can't offer you much of an advice, barring maybe seconding the howlett's comment about looking a word ahead of your current position.
[&] Now that I think of it, the speed of following is probably much more on the side of me not knowing how to pack more precise information and my thought process into sentences than anything else.
If you do want to increase your raw speed though try joining some fast paced IRC or Slack chats. Back in the old days we used to joke that IRC was the best version of Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing. If nothing else helps you may need to try a different keyboard or improve your ergonomics. The leap from 50-60wpm to 80-100wpm is a difference of split seconds per key press so things like key travel and comfort are important.
I started using ratatype.com daily. If you're self taught you may not be typing optimally (used MSN messenger to learn how to type).
At first you'll obviously be a lot slower but eventually learning how to type correctly helped me get past that local maximum.
(This is all assuming you aren't typing the correct way RN)
Also, when you type try to look/think at the _next_ word from the one you're currently typing, I've found that works for me.
That, and like jsz0 recommended, a different keyboard might help.
As for actual advice, I couldn't help you - I learned typing fast by playing runescape.