You have access to all of the same namespaces that a native app does, and also access to all of the namespaces included in .net Framework Standard.
You can stay within .net Framework Standard and share that code between your Android/iOS/Windows Phone(lol) app, and reach into the native libraries when you need platform specific functionality.
if the xamarin cross platform sdk maps closely to one mobile platform, how does make it intuitive for iOS developers? Or are the classes aliased for each target platform?