A couple of years or so ago, I managed to "solve" this issue in Ubuntu 14.04, if I remember correctly. I somehow figured out how to drive Unity at 162% scaling for my XPS 13 and scale it down to 100% for my external display. There definitely were some artefacts, but it basically worked.
I'm sorry to say though, that I don't remember how I did it, since I've been using mainly macOS and Windows for quite some time now.