Hi -
There are probably a few key-words you need to be aware of: Mike Cohn's testing pyramid, agile testing, BDD (Behaviour Driven Development), ATDD (Acceptance Test Driven Development).
Dave Haeffner has a good ten-step program on being effective with Selenium. Take a look at this recent videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zf_qsXK6YdM