I agree, Postgres having its own storage subsystem would be wrong. Fortunately the PG philosophy is to leave what the OS does best to the OS, so its unlikely that situation would arise.
However, a middle ground of being able to backup just the changes in a multi-terabyte database that have been made since the last full backup, wouldn't be controversial and is a common use case.
I've read of a few attempts on the PG dev mailing list over the last couple of years, so hopefully one of them will be completed sometime soon and merged into core.
Some of the work I have come across :
https://github.com/ossc-db/pg_rman
https://github.com/2ndquadrant-it/barman/issues/21