Assuming you consider the dimensions/axes/whatever of the 2d space to be indexed by reals (which is conventional), then yes one can construct a bijection:

    - normalise x and y coordinates in the shape into the interval (0, 1)
    - interleave the bits of the normalised x and y coordinates

This gives a single real value in the interval (0, 1), which exists and is unique for every point in the space (so it is an injection), and it covers every real number in that interval (so it is a surjection).

This gives you a bijection between points in (a) 2-dimensional space and a segment of the real line (which, in turn, has a bijection with the whole real line if you want to specify that).

Once again, cardinality in set theory is based on injections and bijections. If there is an injection from X into Y, then Y is at least as big as X. If there is a bijection between them (i.e. injections in both directions), then they are the same size.

(Also, bijections are inherently bidirectional.)