"lapply returns a list of the same length as X, each element of which is the result of applying FUN to the corresponding element of X" == lapply is a map() construct that takes a list and a function
"sapply is a user-friendly version and wrapper of lapply by default returning a vector, matrix or, if simplify = "array", an array if appropriate, by applying simplify2array(). sapply(x, f, simplify = FALSE, USE.NAMES = FALSE) is the same as lapply(x, f)." == "sapply(x, f, simplify = FALSE, USE.NAMES = FALSE) is the same as lapply(x, f)"