You need the NVIDIA drivers and the nvidia-docker plugin.
$ docker-machine create --driver amazonec2 --amazonec2-instance-type g2.2xlarge ...
$ docker-machine ssh <host> # install the NVIDIA driver and nvidia-docker-plugin
$ eval `docker-machine env <host>`
$ ssh-add ~/.docker/machine/machines/<host>/id_rsa
$ NV_HOST="ssh://ubuntu@<ip>:" nvidia-docker run mybuild/tensorflow
Step 2 can be skipped if you use a custom AMI.