The compiler compliance question would be good to look up if it was easy to look up. It is in fact just a bad question (I got it wrong, saying "most" where they expected "all").
Embedded developers don't usually need to look up word size issues; it's hard to do your day to day job if you don't know what an "int" is. Nevertheless, that issue actually has very little to do with the question, which you answer simply by choosing the constant that is most specific about its storage requirements.
If you don't know how const works, you probably don't use const much; keeping code const-correct (a waste of time, for what it's worth) drills this stuff into you pretty quickly. Again, it's not a great embedded dev question, but it assessess what it means to assess: whether you know how const works.