So, for clarity: your answer to my second question is "no, such a world is inherently unfair"?
> Programming is a purely intellectual activity, so I would argue that there is no gender or racial advantage one way or the other.
Thank you for so succinctly stating the blank-slate position. I don't see any reason to agree with it. You acknowledge that there are important group differences below the neck; why should there be none above it?
> majority of programmers used to be women
I read that article too. You don't mention that "programming" back then was largely data entry.