We are a product of our history - and the same goes with the community around any given technology, not to mention the technology itself. Understanding that history helps you to understand the mindset of the people who created the technology and why and how they designed it. Understanding that will in turn enable you to appreciate and utilize the strengths and weaknesses of said technology better.
One good example: the Unix philosophy. Unix originated back in the 70s, with slow, expensive time-sharing computers, many of which still used printing teletypes. Any text output was expensive in that it used ink and paper and took a long time. Therefore the principle of silence was born: if a program doesn't need to say anything, it shouldn't. See also the principles of smallness and modularity - each program should do one (and only one) thing well, but it should be easy to combine different programs to suit one's needs. You simply couldn't run any very large programs back then, and later on it turned out that chaining several together was actually a pretty good design principle anyway. (For more details, see ESR's "The Art of Unix Programming".) Knowing this history will help one appreciate the philosophy, understanding the philosophy will help one write good programs for that context.
Second example: take the Python language. Its community places a prime on "pythonicness" (http://blog.startifact.com/posts/older/what-is-pythonic.html), a set of guidelines/rules/principles that strongly influence the evolution of the language. Knowing what is and what is not pythonic helps one write better, cleaner Python code, as it enables one to use the language as it is intended.
tl;dr: knowing the history and culture surrounding a technology enables you to use it as it was intended